There are wearables that track your heart rate, robots that perform surgeries and tools that predict the next respiratory outbreak – all adding to the tremendous potential of transforming Canada’s ailing heathcare system. PHOTO BY GETTY IMAGES
Hospitals are starting to implement artificial intelligence (AI) to help save lives – one of many advances in the controversial technology that entered our consciousness in 2023.
Hospitals are starting to implement artificial intelligence (AI) to help save lives – one of many advances in the controversial technology that entered our consciousness in 2023.
The year began with many befriending ChatGPT, the online AI-powered chatbot developed by OpenAI. As 2023 comes to a close, AI has infiltrated every aspect of our daily lives, for better or worse.
There are wearables that track your heart rate, robots that perform surgeries and tools that predict the next respiratory outbreak – all adding to the tremendous potential of transforming Canada’s ailing heathcare system.
Looking back at 2023, and forward to 2024, Canadian researchers share the innovative ways AI can be used to improve health for Canadians.
Dr. Ross Mitchell; University of Alberta, Alberta Health Services
A couple of years ago Ross Mitchell returned to Canada to advance AI in health with Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (AMII) – one of the three leading AI centres in Canada.
Mitchell was particularly attracted to Alberta’s data warehouse, which holds health information collected over the last 20 years from 4.7 million Albertans.
Applying techniques to combine patient records, medications, and scans, helps doctors better understand patient risks, and diagnose and treat patients more quickly.
For example, when colleagues created a registry to study inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 2021, they had a repository of 20 years of data from 92,000 IBD patients plus 160,000 abdominal scans from 59,000 of those patients.
For comparison, the UK Biobank project received the equivalent of $50 million (CAD) to acquire an additional 60,000 abdominal CT scans.
“It’ll probably take them about 5 years to collect the data,” says Mitchell, something Alberta has already accomplished.
Elham Dolatabadi; York University, Vector Institute
Elham Dolatabadi, a researcher at York University and Vector Institute, highlights innovative AI solutions for mental health. Dolatabadi had already been involved in developing conversational AI agents for customer services using large language models. Kids Help Phone Line reached out to see if these techniques could help frontline staff.
“Think of it as a second pair of eyes. Like someone sitting beside you shares their thoughts in real time. And can pull up information for you,” she says.
It would make staff more user-centered: the AI Agent organizes the conversation into issues to be discussed and prompts staff with personalized resources.
For example, if a caller speaks about depression, the AI agent can identify relevant resources, picking up keywords.
Currently, the team is testing the agent by comparing the reactions to calls with staff reactions. It also helps the researchers learn more about how AI agents understand context in conversations and find ways to make agents fair and responsive.
In 2024, Dolatabadi will be focusing on three Ds – deployment, democratizing and demystifying AI.
Dr. Devin Singh; The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)
As a resident, one of his patients died while waiting for care. This lit a fire in the ER doctor. Now at Toronto SickKids, Dr. Singh is focused on reducing deaths due to wait times, backlogs and inefficiencies. He has started Hero AI, a company that helps hospitals use AI.
The standard ER practice goes like this: “You go through triage, and then you’re stuck waiting .. And then you see a doctor, or a resident. They say, ‘oh you might have appendicitis. Let’s order an abdominal ultrasound’,” Singh says. By then it might be hours later.
“Our proposal is to say, ‘Let’s just order the test in an automated way’. Get your ultrasound while you’re waiting, and when you see the physician, you have your testing done and a diagnosis already.”
Changing the hospital workflow expedites the next steps: surgery, consultations and getting antibiotics, if necessary.
Timothy Chan; University of Toronto, Data Sciences Institute (DSI), Centre for Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Engineering (CARTE)
Throughout his career, Timothy Chan has been using AI to solve health-care problems. The professor at the University of Toronto jumped at the chance to help milk banks using AI.
“It’s something close to my heart as well, because my son was born prematurely and spent several weeks in the NICU,” says Chan.
Oftentimes, premature babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) don’t get their mother’s milk. The Roger Hixon Milk Bank at Mount Sinai Hospital opened in 2013, and distributes breast milk to 50 NICUs, reducing medical complications for the tiniest patients.
Macronutrients like fats and protein are critical for preemies. However, donor information is general. Identifying nutrients in donations ensures uniform distribution of protein in the batch after blending.
“Donations from several mothers makes a more uniform products because there’s quite a bit of variability in the nutrients and other things in each individual donation, from mom to mom, even within a mom, from day to day,” Chan says.
Analyzers to assess nutrition in milk donations are expensive, and don’t provide staff with the recipe for blending donations into a batch. Chan’s team used AI to predict content in the milk using demographic information from donors. A trial was carried out for a year and half, showing batches made using AI made blending faster and improved the nutritional content of the milk.
In the new year, Chan says the AI tool will be implemented at Roger Hixon. He hopes to use AI to help processes such as predicting bacteria in the milk.
